cairns indigenous name

[118] In 1979, the Cairns public library opened. Aboriginal name: Gimuy (pronounced Gee-moy) Welcome Aboriginal Getting to Cairns When to visit The gateway to Queensland's tropical north, Cairns is a laid-back city best enjoyed outdoors. The inuksuk may historically have been used for navigation, as a point of reference, a marker for travel routes, fishing places, camps, hunting grounds, places of veneration, drift fences used in hunting,[4] or to mark a food cache. [21], Peoples from some of the Indigenous cultures of arctic North America (i.e. Cairns are also used as trail markers. [citation needed] There are five authentic inuksuit which were donated to other jurisdictions wholly or in partby the government of Canada: they are located in Brisbane, Australia;[18] Monterrey, Mexico; Oslo, Norway; Washington, D.C., United States; and Guatemala City, Guatemala.[19]. The summertime wet season in Cairns is generally hot and humid, with an average annual rainfall of around 1992 mm (average of about 396 mm in January). Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 10.0% of the population. An inuksuk (plural inuksuit)[1] or inukshuk[2] (from the Inuktitut: , plural ; alternatively inukhuk in Inuinnaqtun,[3] iuksuk in Iupiaq, inussuk in Greenlandic) is a type of stone landmark or cairn built by, and for the use of, Inuit, Iupiat, Kalaallit, Yupik, and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America. David Kirby lives in the small town of Brewarrina, one of the "river communities" along the Barwon-Darling river system. Gunggandji - the Gunggandji people hold native title rights over more than 7,500 ha of land on the Yarrabah Peninsula, east of Cairns. The place name magetup would have alerted indigenous fishers and waders to be extra cautious, although Hassell does not clarify whether he was referring to a freshwater or saltwater pool. [20] The first public land sales in February 1877[22] were supplemented, three months later, by the construction of the first local saw mill making use of the abundant natural timber resources. [citation needed]. [65] In the same year, the former inner-city red-light district of Sachs Street, a name regarded as an embarrassing coincidence to respectable Cairns citizens, had a name change to Grafton Street. The first European to discover the site of what is now called Cairns was Captain James Cook, who sailed up the coast of northeast Australia in June 1770. The site is updated with new records continuously. The site for the village of Kuranda, the first large area at the top of the range suitable for development, was surveyed in 1888. "The cassowaries are the original guardians of the rainforest, distributing the food out," he said. The median age of people in Cairns (Statistical Area Level 4) was 39 years. [101] In 1963, the Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station came online, and was linked to Townsville and Mackay via the Northern Power Grid, greatly increasing the available electrical supply for domestic and industrial requirements. The Aboriginal population is believed to have entered Australia at least 60,000 years ago. [38], Towards the end of the 19th century, the agricultural production of the local Chinese community had risen to tens of thousands of bushels of rice, corn, bananas and pineapples. Yidinji (also known as Yidinj, Yidiny, and Idindji) is an Australian Aboriginal language. [6], On 10 June 1770, English maritime explorer Lieutenant James Cook visited and gave a European name to the inlet. We also have some fresh water swimming holes and waterfalls nearby. The Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders Advancement League, [1] ( CATSIAL ), also referred to as the Cairns Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders Advancement League or Cairns Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advancement League, and Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders Advancement League (Cairns), was an Indigenous rights organisation [10] In Sweden they are called kummel, in Finland kummeli, in Norway varde, and are indicated in navigation charts and maintained as part of the nautical marking system.[26]. The dispute was resolved when the land was bought for the state. Cairns and District Historical Society records show the creek was given its name sometime between 1876 and 1883 in reference to several Aboriginal camps along its banks. [127] In December, wet tropical rainforest between Cooktown and Townsville was included on the World Heritage list.[128]. Some 79 per cent of residents say they know the name of their traditional owners. [152] In 2005, the Japanese company, Daikyo, withdrew its operations from North Queensland because of economic problems elsewhere in the organisation. [3] The first recorded human occupants of the Cairns area were Australian Aboriginal peoples. Many of the documents contain offensive language. Traditional owner and Gimuy Walubara Yidinji elder Gurrabana Mundu said the creek was seen as a post-colonial boundary to his ancestors. This article is about man-made stone mounds. [16], Around the same time, another group led by prospector William "Bill" Smith travelling from the Hodgkinson goldfields, cut an alternate route to the coast at Trinity Inlet. [4], At Inuksuk Point (Enukso Point) on Baffin Island, there are more than 100 inuksuit. Gimuy being the Yidiny name of the slippery blue fig (ficus albipila) that grew in large number in this area. [citation needed], In Portugal a cairn is called a moledro. [26] Three Englishman, George Clayton, Thomas Hill and Thomas Swallow developed thousands of acres of crop plantations to the south[27] and east[28] of the Cairns settlement. Just you (non-Indigenous) people didn't know it.". The majority in Cairns opposed these proposals, and demonstrated on the mudflats of Cairns Esplanade, led by the Mayor of Cairns, Keith Goodwin. While the predominant English spelling is inukshuk, both the Government of Nunavut[13] and the Government of Canada through Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada[14] promote the Inuit-preferred spelling inuksuk. [91], In 1956, Cairns was hit by Cyclone Agnes, with winds of 110 kilometres per hour (68mph). [4] In Highland folklore it is recounted that before Highland clans fought in a battle, each man would place a stone in a pile. It's disrespectful, and I think it's about time we actually changed these names.". The sculpture was presented to the people of the northern state of Nuevo Len as a gift from the Monterrey chapter of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Mexico and the Government of Canada, to mark the chamber's 10th anniversary in the city. ", "Dilemma of the Sacred Lands: Preserving Mongolia's Ovoos", "A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of Hawai'i Island", "British Block Cairn National Historic Site of Canada", "Backcountry Hikes - Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cairn&oldid=1148715084, This page was last edited on 7 April 2023, at 21:06. The excellent anchorage and watering place appear to have been used some years since as a beech de mer fishing station and to be now a place of frequent call by vessels of that trade and passing ships. [67], The outbreak of World War II in 1939 increased demand for a suitable road to the tableland via Kuranda, as an emergency evacuation route in the event of hostile invasion. Friendship and the welcoming of the world are the meanings of both the English Bay structure and the 2010 Winter Olympics emblem. How many indigenous people are in Cairns? [151] In the same year, the local Djabugay rainforest Aboriginal group were given native title over Barron Gorge National Park, the first such claim to be recognised in Queensland, and the first in Australia to be granted out of court. Stone cairns in eastern Africa: a critical review. Blackfellow Creek snakes its way from the foot of the mountains out to the coast. Welcome to reef and rainforest Country. [140] At the suggestion of the Cairns City Council, an annual Reef Festival was first held in October 1996, combining the resources and publicity of the city's major festival, Fun in the Sun, with the increasing number of other minor festivals, resulting in stronger co-operation and integration of the community and its resources. A Canadian-donated inuksuk was built in Monterrey, Mexico, in October 2007 by the Inuvialuit artist Bill Nasogaluak. The stones that remained were built into a cairn to honour the dead. These structures are found in northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska (United States). The first government officials arrived by boat and pitched their tents opposite the site of the present-day Pacific International hotel. See the highlights of this year's festival. They are iconic of the region (an inuksuk even features on the flag of the Canadian far-northeastern territory, Nunavut). Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. [130] Early in 1993, local chiropractor Harald Falge created the Street Level Youth Care organisation, run by volunteers to assist the homeless with food, blankets, and other needs. Dixon, R. M. W. (1991) Words of our country : stories, place names and vocabulary in Yidiny, the Aboriginal language of the Cairns-Yarrabah region. [110][111] The commune lasted only a few years before it was abandoned, with some determined individuals setting up splinter colonies at more isolated North Queensland areas, including Cedar Bay National Park, from which they were later evicted. [34], In 1891, the most important political figure in the early history of Cairns, A. J. Draper, became mayor the first of seven terms in that office. A violent confrontation occurred in 1872 between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the use of this well. It is distinguished from inuksuit in general. Located in Battery Park, it commemorates the World Youth Day 2002 festival that was held in the city in July 2002. Tribal groups speaking the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji language were generally on the south side of the Barron River. The Hammer of Thor, located on the Ungava Peninsula, Quebec may be an inuksuk. [85], Queen Elizabeths visit to Cairns in March 1954 was enthusiastically attended by an estimated 40,000 people, twice the official population, showing their loyalty to the British monarch. [17][18] However, the coastal site of Battle Camp where the more direct Douglas Track finished became the preferable place of settlement. Cairns occasionally has outbreaks of Dengue Fever, this is usually contained in certain residential areas no-where near the tourist areas. The long-awaited Cairns Civic Center was officially opened by Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam on 31 May 1974. For the Canadian wireless network, see. [138] Commencement of construction of the Cairns Convention Centre in the same month was an important development towards catering for modern corporate events. Between 1943 and 1946, the Australian Army undertook extensive anti-malaria drug experimentation. "This is a work in progress and it's not something that will sweep in and happen overnight, but rather it's a progressive change.". [139] The centre's first major conference, in 2000, was presented by the software giant, Microsoft. (ABC Far North: Mark Rigby) [35] Well-connected socially because of his family background, Draper's aggressive stance on issues of public importance achieved many benefits for the local community. [120] Staffed by volunteers, and relying on the sale of donated stock, the shelter provided funds for setting up and running a women and children's crises accommodation shelter. Spend a night under the brilliant Milkyway on Australia's largest aggregate of saltpans with Gangalidda-Garawa Traditional Owners on the Yaliya's Stories (Stargazing) tour. "[7] Cook hauled his ship, the HM Bark Endeavour into Mission Bay, at the southern end of Trinity inlet between Cape Grafton and False Cape, and went ashore for a short time with Sir Joseph Banks near the present site of the Yarrabah Aboriginal community. [83], Several years of significant advancement followed for tourist facilities and publicity, starting with the 1953 release of There's A Future For You in Far North Queensland, an 8 mm film produced by Cairns printer, Bob Bolton. [93], Parts of a Cinerama movie, Cinerama South Seas, were filmed in Cairns in 1957. In modern times, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains. With the arrival of the beche de mer fishermen from the late 1860s came the first semi-permanent British presence in the area. In November, the Olympic torch arrived in Cairns from Darwin, and was carried first by an Australian-born Greek, Constantine Verevis, and then by Anthony Mark, a north Queensland runner especially chosen to represent the Aboriginal people of Australia. Jellyfish are found around the world. A major step in the modernisation of Cairns was the construction of four modern high-rise apartment and hotel complex buildings between 1981 and 1983. In 1999, Inukshuk was the name for the International Arctic Art & Music Project of ARBOS in the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nunavik, and Nunavut; and in Greenland, Austria, Denmark and Norway.[16]. [86] Scenes of Cairns that featured extensively in the official film of the Queen's visit to Australia increased international awareness of the district. [41] In 1900, the importance of preserving the natural environment around the Barron Falls was recognised, and 30 square kilometres (7,400 acres) were gazetted by the Government as a national park. For the Australian city, see, "Rock pile" redirects here. [6] Geography [ edit] I swam there as a kid as everybody else did, and I don't see why [the council]can't use the traditional name alongside the historical name. Swimmers should exercise caution in the water during these months, and beaches may be closed if the risk of stingers is great. Dixon, R. M. W., Moore, B . Yegar Sahaduta. Actually they really do not bite the sting comes from their urine!! "This is about respecting traditional owners and the names that they've had for thousands upon thousands of years," Queensland's Resources Minister Scott Stewart said. [77][78], A second radio station, ABC 4QY, began broadcasting in 1950. [141], In May 1996 the old bricked Cairns Railway Station (built in 1960) was demolished, and the site was redeveloped into Cairns Central Shopping Centre, incorporating the new railway station. [136], The opening of the 100,000 square metres (25 acres) $8.8 million Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park in July 1996 helped promote education and understanding of Australian Aboriginal culture in a society that had largely ignored the history of its original inhabitants. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have fished and hunted its waters, navigated between the islands of its coast. Date: 13 - 16 July 2023. Often Aboriginal weapons or implements are given universal names from the first point of contact; these names are then adapted and used in other regions. "Part of our reconciliation plan is recognising that we need to change some of these names that we've held on to for quite some time," he said. [2] Cornwall (Kernow) itself may actually be named after the cairns that dot its landscape, such as Cornwall's highest point, Brown Willy Summit Cairn, a 5m (16ft) high and 24m (79ft) diameter mound atop Brown Willy hill in Bodmin Moor, an area with many ancient cairns. [1] Geography Pine Creek Yarrabah Road forms the western boundary of the locality, while the eastern boundary is formed by the ridgeline of the Malbon Thompson Range. [126], Two events in 1988 increased Cairns' reputation as an area of natural beauty and scientific interest. [55] In 1925, a public electricity supply was introduced,[56] and the Cairns High School and Technical College was opened. An important camping area with good fishing and hunting for locals. Brinsley G. Sheridan, a police magistrate from Cardwell, surveyed the area around Smith's Landing and planned a settlement which he called Thornton. [11], Since Neolithic times, the climate of North Africa has become drier. Current opinion favours migration through various parts of northern Australia including Cape York Peninsula. [61] Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, aviation pioneer and grandson of Cairns' first mayor, made an aerial visit in 1932.[62]. Located in the Smiths Creek area, in a former navy store with a floor space of 9,100 metres (29,900ft), the cannery was initially successful, but succumbed to financial problems and closed in 1957. The controversial road was opened in October 1984. It is pronounced inutsuk in Nunavik and the southern part of Baffin Island (see Inuit phonology for the linguistic reasons). [12], In 1872, William Hann led a prospecting expedition in the Palmer River, where an extensive gold field was located. The simplest type is a single stone positioned in an upright manner. A two-week series of auctions of ex-army equipment in August 1946 attracted buyers from throughout Australia who were anxious to boost depleted stocks of various goods, from textiles to building equipment. Though in other cultures the cairns were typically used as trail markers and sometimes funerary sites, the ancient Hawaiians also used them as altars or security tower. The Centre for Indigenous Family History Studies (CIFHS) website is a name searchable archive of a selection of mainly government documents relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. [115], 1976 saw the commencement of supply from Copperlode Falls Dam, providing the extra water needed for a projected rapid increase in population. In 1990, the city's mail sorting facilities and central post office boxes were relocated. A proposal to rename Black Gin Creek,near Longreach, to Watyakan Creek is also being considered by the Queensland government. They are found throughout Australias northern region, and Cairns is no exception. [76] Further enhancing accessibility to Cairns, a second plane service, Trans Australia Airlines, joined passenger carrier, Australian National Airways, for regular domestic flights in 1949. The cost of living index in Cairns is around 5 per cent lower than in London and rent is 62.4 per cent lower than the UK capital. In modern Hebrew, gal-'ed (-) is the actual word for "cairn". [24], On the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Rome Statute, to mark Canada's support for the International Criminal Court (ICC)[25] and as a symbol for its commitment to reconciliation with Canada's First Nations[citation needed], Canadian Minister of Justice and Attorney General Wilson-Raybould on 7 March 2018 donated an inuksuk as a gift to the ICC. Contained within the park is Swallow Park and is named after Thomas Swallow who is considered to be 'the father of the cairns district'. Cairns is a great place to live and retire. His consequent official map listed "Native Huts" at present-day Palm Cove, and "Many Natives" and "Native Village" on the stretch of coast immediately north. " we've had a long, long, long association with the Reef. [88] In October 1954, the city's water supply was boosted by the addition of the Behana Creek intake. ", Browse for your location and find more local ABC News and information. The same name given to the stones was given to the dead whose identity was unknown. Conscious of its new status, Cairns aldermen were persuaded to upgrade street lighting, considered a luxury at the time. Traditional name: Gimuy (pronounced Gee-moy) Indigenous Peoples: Gimuy-walubarra yidi Traditional languages: Yidiny language Always lock your vehicle, not to mention your hotel door. This three-screen color movie revisited the places seen by James Cook during his southern-hemisphere maritime voyages 187 years before. [8] The cairns that mark the place where someone died or cover the graves alongside the roads where in the past people were buried are called Fiis de Deus. Why Creating Your Own Rock Cairns in National Parks is Illegal. It replaced an earlier basic bungalow-style hospital, in which the office had at times also served as an operating theatre.[51]. [95] In September 1958, Government horticulturist S. E. Stephens and a small team of volunteers created the Cairns Historical Society, with the aim of encouraging the collecting and sharing of Cairns' history. [3], The first recorded human occupants of the Cairns area were Australian Aboriginal peoples. "I'm over 70. [155], Notes: The actual event date is usually one or two days before or after the publication date of the newspaper article cited. Following the unexpected death of his father, Reverend John Gribble, Ernest continued his father's plans to curb the degradation of the local Aboriginal population, who were forced to exist in fringe camps after their traditional lands had been gradually appropriated by the new Cairns settlers. [6], In the mythology of ancient Greece, cairns were associated with Hermes, the god of overland travel. [8], Lieutenant Phillip Parker King, one of the most important early charters of Australia's coast, made three marine surveying expeditions to northern Australia in 1819, 1820, and 1821. "We're not here to change the name of the creek," he said. For example, Dn Aonghasa, an all-stone Iron Age Irish hill fort on Inishmore in the Aran Islands, is still surrounded by small cairns and strategically placed jutting rocks, used collectively as an alternative to defensive earthworks because of the karst landscape's lack of soil. In Croatia, in areas of ancient Dalmatia, such as Herzegovina and the Krajina, they are known as gromila. The aim of this group is to serve as a community noticeboard for all indigenous communities in the FNQ and surrounding region. Cairns Latest release 2021 Census Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people QuickStats Geography type Statistical Areas Level 4 Area code 306 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander families 8,215 (a) For 2021, median weekly rent calculations exclude dwellings being occupied rent-free. 218-240. Press release from the Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs and International Trade. CHS is an abbreviation for the Cairns Historical Society, Sydney Morning Herald 26 February 1866, Mein family documents p1 Cairns Historical Society, Warners expedition notes published Brisbane Courier 14 April 1876, W B Ingham erects sawmill May 1877 JW Colinson Early Days of Cairns p131, May, Cathie "Topsawyers, the Chinese in Cairns 18701920" James Cook Uni 1984 p8, Clayton and Hill wish to start dairy farm, microfiche Cairns Electoral Roll April 1889, Why make the darkness visible Kingston, Hudson, Alan "Tracks of Triumph" Cairns 2003 p43, Humston, Shep "Kuranda The Village in the Rainforest" p22 Watson Ferguson 1988, Elected 1891,1892,1893,1897,1902,1918,1924 A J Draper "The Passing of a Patriot" Cairns Post In Memoriam 46 page booklet published 1928 page 9 "Civic Offices" Cairns Historical Society document D00771, Hodes, Jeremy Darkness and Light Yarrabah 1889 1910 treatise Central Queensland University 1997 p19, Rapkins, Denise "Ernest Gribble of Yarrabah CHS bulletin 413, May, Cathie "Top Sawyers" James Cook University 1984 p246-251, Rapkins, Denise "A Remarkable Achievement" CHS 1997 p11, CMC minute book "from 31 March 1903 Cairns Municipal Council became Cairns Town Council", Queenslander newspaper various dates 2 May 1903 11 March 1905 see "Spinifex and Wattle" book for text, Rod Kirkpatrick "The First Cairns Post" chs bulletins 282/283 June/July 1983, Balodis, Midge "Drill Till You Get Blood" p4/cp 29 July 1912 p2, Hawtin S L "Rise and Fall of the Glen Boughton Estate" Mulgrave Historical Society Bulletin #227/#228 2000, Qld Parliamentary Papers Vol 2 1937 p983/35, Dept Harbors and Marine, "Barron River Delta Investigation" 1981 p13, Neilsen, Peter, Diary of World War II p40, Bradley, Vera I Didn't Know That Cairns and District in the War Yearsp175ff, Ernie Stephens "Memorial to Malaria Control" CHS bulletin #149 March 1972, first cairns post ANA advert 4 June 1940 p2, chs bulletin 184 Stephens S E When Cairns Had A Cannery, North Queensland Annual 1966 CHS archive copies, Interview with Richard Bickford long time Weir Road Kuranda resident, p13,14 Michael Chatenay "Rusty's Markets" Bolton Imprint 05, North Queensland Register 22 July 1987 p5, opened 27 February 1988 Boardwalk pamphlet Cairns City Council, "private boxes to move this week [from old location]", "Skyrail started operating a day earlier to beat protesters", "115-year history of mulgrave shire to end 11 March 1995", officially opened 6 December 1995 "from cardboard to campus", Mackay Mercury And South Kennedy Advertiser, "Cairns' Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park shuts for good as COVID wreaks tourism havoc", "A Thematic History of the City of Cairns and its Regional Towns", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cairns&oldid=1145793621, This page was last edited on 21 March 2023, at 01:04. "[14], In March 1876, three years after the Palmer River discovery, James Mulligan announced that an even larger and more extensive gold field had been found at the Hodgkinson River on the Atherton Tableland, 122 kilometres (76mi) west of Trinity Inlet. Information on these and other swimming spots in and around Cairns. [8] There is some debate as to whether the appearance of human- or cross-shaped cairns developed in the Inuit culture before the arrival of European missionaries and explorers. [33] Numerous worker settlements and hotel stores were established on the range near the fifteen tunnels used in the line's construction. In October 1972 the new Captain Cook motel, notable for its colossal and controversial statue of Captain Cook, started daily advertising. [21], A large number of inuksuit have been built in some areas along the Trans-Canada Highway, including Northern Ontario. The population in June 2019 was 153,952, having grown on average 1.02% annually over the preceding five years. Green Hill is a rural locality in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. Also avoid city parks after dark. A succession of major work projects, institution establishments and direct involvement in world enterprise accelerated the settlement's development. The word cairn derives from Scots cairn (with the same meaning), in turn from Scottish Gaelic crn, which is essentially the same as the corresponding words in other native Celtic languages of Britain, Ireland and Brittany, including Welsh carn (and carnedd), Breton karn, Irish carn, and Cornish karn or carn. [109], In 1972, a group of young people started a hippie colony at Weir Road, Kuranda near Barron Falls National Park after earlier attempts at Holloways Beach in 196771. [5] It is an Aboriginal community. In such a fashion, cairns would grow ever larger. Closer investigation by several official expeditions to Trinity Inlet established its potential for development into a port. [43] In the same year, the memoirs of R. A. Johnstone were first published in the Brisbane-based Queenslander newspaper. "Inuksuk National Historic Site of Canada", "LivingDictionary.com - Online casino dictionary", "Transcript of Sharing a Story: The Inuksuk", "Australian Bicentenary | Monument Australia", Proceedings of the XLVI Meeting of the Summit Implementation Review Group (SIRG), Adam Carter, "Aboriginal women remembered with 1,181 inukshuks" (sic- inuksuit), "Vancouver Olympic emblem comes under fire", "Protecting the authenticity and integrity of inuksuit within the arctic milieu", "Places of Power essay and photographs of inuksuit", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inuksuk&oldid=1152189755, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 19:06. In many of the central Nunavut dialects, it has the etymologically related name inuksugaq (plural: inuksugait). [114] In February 1975, local identity, Emrys "Rusty" Rees, took over a loosely structured 'hippie' market that had been operating in various locations since late 1974, and founded Rusty's Markets on the previous site of Chinese produce markets operated in the 1800s. Announcement of this location in September 1873 by James Venture Mulligan resulted in an influx of prospectors, which became the basis for the first large non-indigenous populations to inhabit Far North Queensland. [47], In 1909, The Cairns Post newspaper commenced publication, with a publishing schedule of six days per week, which continues to the present day.

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