racial profiling is an example of quizlet
(2023) '106 Racial Profiling Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. The targeting of shoppers/business patrons of color for suspicion of shoplifting by private security and other employees has disproportionately affected both working and prominent African-American women. Thousands attended Diallo's funeral. Racial Profiling: Discrimination the People of Color. Let us remind you of some basic rules you should stick to while writing: Before you get down to writing your essay on racial profiling, try to answer the following questions: Just $13.00 $10.40/page, and you can get an custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. The Immigration and Naturalization Service has had a history of disproportionately targeting ethnic groups of color for undocumented labor violations. But a number of studies on traffic stops found that white drivers were more likely than their . Witnesses reported that following Thomas' funeral, six city SWAT team officers shot pellet-filled bags into a peaceful crowd. Therefore, its crucial that we highlight this issue in as many ways as possible. A documented essay can be assigned in school or college. this quickly! Any definition of racial profiling must include, in addition to racially or ethnically discriminatory acts, discriminatory omissions on the part of law enforcement as well. [1] Researchers have been working to figure out how much of this disparity is because of discrimination and how much is due to other factors, but untangling these other factors is challenging: What is clear from the research is that race is a consistent predictor of attitudes toward the police. This article was developed by the editorial team of Custom-Writing.org, a professional writing service with 3-hour delivery. Their conclusion was that differences in the time, place, and context of the stops were the cause of the longer stops and higher search rates. A series of University of California/University of Chicago studies recreated the experience of a police officer confronted with a potentially dangerous suspect, and found that: The stories above and hundreds of others present a compelling argument that not only does racial profiling exists, but it is widespread, and has had a destructive effect on the lives of communities of color, and attitudes toward police. 2023. Included were skin color, speaking Spanish or English with a Spanish accent, appearing to be of South or Central American descent and wearing clothing not typical of North Americans. Such characterizations in major American cities are common to born and naturalized citizens alike. bedrock. So, in addition to questions about bias in the decision to initiate a stop, questions have been asked about bias in other aspects of the traffic stop: the length of the stop and the decision to cite, search or use force. [note5] Lange, James E., Kenneth O. Blackman, and Mark B. Johnson, Speed Violation Survey of the New Jersey Turnpike: Final Report, submitted to the Office of the Attorney General of New Jersey, 2001. The paper also reported that U.S. Representative David Wu (D-Oregon) was detained entering the headquarters of the Department of Energy, and repeatedly. Hampton eventually called her husband to the scene and the situation escalated. January 9, 2013. Dogs were trained to attack and bite suspects regardless of their actions, even against alleged shoplifters, gasoline siphoners and jaywalkers. shooting bias was greater among participants who held a strong cultural stereotype of African Americans as aggressive, violent and dangerous, and among participants who reported more contact with African Americans. IvyPanda. Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Moreover, if youre a law student, you should definitely back up those conclusions with the extractions from the Constitution. In a 1996 memorandum to the Eastpointe City Manager, the former police chief stated that he instructed his officers to investigate any black youths riding through Eastpointe subdivisions. It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. [note 8] Grogger, Jeffrey, and Greg Ridgeway, Testing for Racial Profiling in Traffic Stops from Behind a Veil of Darkness, Journal of the American Statistical Association 101 (2006): 878887; Worden, Robert E., Sarah J. McLean, and Andrew P. Wheeler, Testing for Racial Profiling With the Veil-of-Darkness Method, Police Quarterly 15 (March 2012): 92111. The disparity attracted the notice of the California Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights as well as the ACLU. LockA locked padlock Although the 9/11 attacks presented lawmakers and enforcers with the problem of ensuring the security of Americans, the practice of racial profiling and racially motivated attacks within the United States quickly emerged and provided a [], Both of these definitions, of course, were meant to expose the policy of racial profiling as being inheritably wicked and above all scientifically unsubstantiated, as definitions very sounding implies that there is no link [], The government, as well as society, used to believe that the use of drugs is a culturally-based phenomenon that served as an excuse to target representatives of color minorities and was considered as the effective []. preconceived notions. ThoughtCo, Jul. The Department of Justice also intervened and settled with the city, including revision and review of use of force policy. A similar case also occurred in Maryland with the same result. Ct. Law Div. A lock ( For others, however, racial profiling results in death or serious injury. The first is benchmarking, which compares the percentage of police stops of those of a specific race with the percentage of that race within the geographic area. Roach was acquitted in a bench trial characterized by the judge's (a former prosecutor) open admiration for Roach, and blaming Timothy Thomas for making Roach kill him. The federal governments encouragement of unprecedented raids on immigrant communities and workplaces by local law enforcement in cooperation with federal agencies has targeted Latino communities in particular. also occurred in Maryland with the same result. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. In precincts in which blacks and Hispanics each represented less than 10 percent of the total population, individuals identified as belonging to these racial groups nevertheless accounted for more than half of the total "stops" during the covered period. The Garden Grove (CA) Police Department settled a gang database racial profiling lawsuit by a group of young Asian Americans who said their civil rights were violated when officers photographed them as suspected gang members based merely on their ethnicity and clothing. For example, a police department might use race to determine who to stop for minor traffic offenses or jaywalking. This is everyday racial profiling - and it doesn't just hurt the victims. Its incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. Is racial profiling a discrimination or a necessary evil? Supervisors. This definition found in some state racial profiling laws is unacceptable, because it fails to include when police act on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin or religion in combination with an alleged violation of all law. Suspicious behavior, a traffic offense, looking nervous or similar behavior accounted for 66 percent of the officers' reactions; 18 percent were the result of information they had received to be on the lookout for a suspect; 10 percent because someone was where he or she would not be expected to be; and 6 percent because of the person's appearance. In general, courts use two tests. In July 2002, the ACLU filed suit in federal court. George Floyd was a 46-year-old Black man who died on May 25th, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota after being arrested for using a counterfeit $20 bill. The truth is, according to professor Kelley, that the racial homicide and violence committed in these areas is caused by the police and not the black community living in the areas. The best way to do it is to create a racial profiling essay outline that serves as a foundation for your future essay. You may play the devil advocates role and support it in the paper on racial profiling. The ACLUs work on racial profiling encompasses major initiatives in litigation, public education, and advocacy, including lobbying for passage of data collection and anti-profiling legislation and litigating on behalf of individuals who have been victims of racial profiling by airlines, police, and government agencies. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. In New York City, the December 1999 report of the New York City Police Departments pedestrian "stop and frisk" practices by the state attorney general provided glaring evidence of racial profiling in the nation's largest city. Ethnic profiling may be carried out by all ranks of law enforcementfrom local to counterterrorism unitsand it can occur during many policing practices, such as . The Patriotic Act defines domestic terrorism as an act dangerous to human life, which violates criminal laws of the USA and is aimed to intimidate the civilian population and influence the government policies through coercion [], As a rule, when detecting the primary factors affecting the changes in the racial profiling rates among the representatives of the law enforcement, one brings up the concepts of race and social class, stating that [], This paper takes the position that there is an effective solution to reduce or eliminate the prevalence of teenage and racial profiling in a certain place in the US by using the experience of other []. Is there a racial disparity gap in healthcare? How Does Racial Profiling Affect Society? A throwback to the grainy 60's black and white television news footage of vicious police dogs attacking peaceful black civil rights protesters is the continued discriminatory use of canine units by police. She changed many jobs throughout her lifetime, being a housekeeper, a What is a documented essay and what is the purpose of it? For example, one study found a link between chronic stress from frequent racist encounters and chronic low-grade inflammation. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. He attested that most of the witnesses in the case had made calls to 991 immediately after the Martin was shot. Ways of dealing with racism in American education, Discuss the causes and ehhects of racism in America, Racial Profiling: Definition | American Civil Liberties Union, This is why everyday racial profiling is so dangerous CNN, Racial profiling: Germany debating police methods DW, Racial Profiling Equal Justice Initiative. In South Dakota, widespread reports of racial profiling led to hearings before the state legislature, where Indians testified about their being stopped and searched not only based on race but also on religious articles hanging from rearview mirrors, and regional license plates that identified them as living on reservations. And if you struggle to come up with a good one yourself, you can get help from a thesis statement generator online. Police searched many of young men and, in some cases, seized and later sold their bicycles. Racial profiling is at play when immigration enforcement officials target Asian, Middle Eastern, or Muslim immigrants for detention without any evidence that these individuals have committed crimes. They also reported that in that year, 40 percent of police dog attacks were against African Americans, and that 91 people had received police dog bite injuries requiring hospitalization. A white security guard accused Hampton of shoplifting, took her shopping bag, and, without consent, searched it, emptying the bag onto the counter. Of the total, ten alleged repeated bites of suspects once under police control, or while cuffed or on the ground. Pennsylvania (Brentwood) - On October 12, 1995, Jonny Gammage, a 31 year-old African American male, was killed after being pulled over while driving the Jaguar of his cousin, Pittsburgh Steelers football player Ray Seals, in a predominately white community. Condoleezza Rice may have been racially profiled while shopping. Terms in this set (12) Define racial profiling. 106 Racial Profiling Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. Blacks comprise 62.7 percent of all persons "stopped" by the NYPD's Street Crime Unit ("SCU"). But it's a perfectly legitimate police tactic. (2023, January 29). Hence, some researchers argue that what happens during the stop is as important as the reason for it. Racial bias, if present, could be the result of a few problem officers in a department of otherwise race-neutral officers. But racial profiling opponents cite research they say proves the practice is ineffective. Unfortunately, racial profiling leads to: False arrests - unlawfully restraining an individual Often census data is old or misleading. "Racial Profiling" refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. The following states appear to require independent reasonable suspicion for dog searches: Alaska,4 Illinois,5 Minnesota,6 New Hampshire, New York,8 Pennsylvania,9 and Washington.10. Stephen K. Rice and Michael D. White, New York: NYU Press, 2010: 180204. The purpose of this research paper is to reveal the influences that race has on the Criminal Justice System. Racial profiling is a fact of life. Law enforcement engage in ethnic profiling when they base their actions on ethnicity, race, religion, or national origin instead of an individual's conduct or objective evidence. In a trial that was moved out of the community where Diallo lived and to Albany in upstate New York, the four officers who killed Diallo were acquitted of all charges. In Terry v Ohio, 391 U.S. 1 (1968), the court held that stop-and-frisk searches, which were linked to widespread racial profiling and harassment, must be warranted to be legal. Racism over the years has been one of the reasons behind poverty and lack of access to social mobility in the United States. In 1999 the Post reported that thirteen police dog excessive force suits had been filed in Prince Georges circuit and federal courts, in addition to five others that ended in judgement for plaintiffs or settlement. Of those who evoked suspicion, 74 percent were male and 71 percent were minorities. Another difficulty in proving racial profiling lies in local police departments patrolling high-crime areas, which often have a high percentage of minorities. After making several purchases, they went to the cosmetics counter to redeem a coupon. In conclusion, you should summarize your arguments and paraphrase your racial profiling thesis statement. The ACLU works in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country. In Texas, Dillard settled and paid money to the family of an African American customer who died at a store after being beaten and hog-tied while being detained, and has also settled discrimination suits by employees in Kansas and Missouri. [note 2] See, for example, the discussion of benchmarks in Ridgeway, Greg, and John MacDonald, Methods for Assessing Racially Biased Policing, in Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings, ed. 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Youth of color have been victims of racially-motivated bicycling stops, " In April, 2001, the ACLU joined a suit against Eastpointe, Michigan , representing 21 young African-American men who were stopped by the police while riding their bikes there. In April 2002 the case was settled, under terms including the establishment of a civilian complaint review board and the activation of the reporting of collected traffic stop data that had been enacted by city ordinance in 2001. But racial profiling opponents cite research they say proves the practice is ineffective. Officers stopped individuals under suspicion 59 percent of the time, but the suspect's race did not affect the outcome of the stop. Socialization leading to prejudiced attitudes occurs in the family, as well as through the media and peers, while prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is ______, Holding the belief that one does not notice racial differences, and that discussing race only perpetuates racism, would be considered. Professional basketball player and Olympic medalist Sheryl Swoopes was kept waiting to be seated for almost an hour at a restaurant, while whites who arrived after her were seated before her (Houston, Texas). TV talk show host Oprah Winfrey said she was refused buzz-in entry to a store even after seeing white women admitted and making a second attempt. The disparate treatment of racial minorities by law enforcement officials is a common example of racial profiling in the United States. How Racial Profiling Led to the Death of Trayvon Martin? Does Contact Racial Profiling Lead to Aggressive Police Conduct? You actually need to write a reflexive essay, not a reflective one. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/racial-profiling-how-it-hurts-minorities-2834860. This exists where the facts and circumstances known to the officer, based on reasonable and trustworthy information . Every statement you include in the main body of the writing should be supported by evidence. More than 240 years of slavery and 90 years of legalized racial segregation have led to systemic profiling of blacks in traffic and pedestrian stops. To write a successful argumentative racial profiling essay, you need to focus on investigating the topic to express your perspective later. From a proponent perspective and as a strong supporter of racial profiling, I am of []. The darker a persons skin, the more often they experience profiling. Racial Bias and Discrimination: From Colorism to Racial Profiling, 5 Common Misconceptions About Black Lives Matter, 5 Examples of Institutional Racism in the United States, The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino, 5 Big Companies Sued for Racial Discrimination, How Intervening Variables Work in Sociology, How the Illinois v. Wardlow Case Affects Policing, 5 Ways to Make Your Racially Segregated Church More Diverse, African American Men and the Criminal Justice System, Identifying and Correcting Verb Tense Errors, What Is Chain of Custody? New York (Bronx-New York City) - On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo, an unarmed 22 year-old immigrant from New Guinea, West Africa, was shot and killed in the narrow vestibule of the apartment building where he lived. which of these statements regarding the slavery system and the position of african americans in the US is true? Similarly, the . The way in which the justice system handled the circumstances behind the death of the black teenager represents a society that is less concerned with the plight of the black minority in the nation. It may also refer to store personnel treating minority clients like they dont have enough money to make purchases. The main problem with New York's stop-and-frisk policy is that it disproportionately impacts people of color. How Is Racial Profiling Damaging Our Schools? Still, others lose their jobs as a result of racial profiling that leads to false arrests, according to an NPR article. Several participants reported seeing or having their child see a psychologist or therapist to cope with the mental aftermath of racial profiling. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Another example of racial profiling is the targeting, ongoing since the September 11th attacks, of Arabs, Muslims and South Asians for detention on minor immigrant violations in the absence of any connection to the attacks on the World Trade Center or the Pentagon. Individuals who have immigrated to the United States from dictatorships or authoritarian governments also find racial profiling to be particularly difficult because they have flashbacks to experiences in their previous environment. Asians, who, according to the U.S. census, number 10 million, or 4 percent of the population, have been victims of racial profiling as well. Here are three common examples of racial profiling. [note 10] Walker, Samuel, Searching for the Denominator: Problems with Police Traffic Stop Data and an Early Warning System Solution, Justice Research and Policy 3 (2001): 6395. Two people hit by the pellets filed lawsuits. Racial profiling relies on stereotypes about race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, or religionrather than on a reasonable suspicionto single out an individual for greater scrutiny or different treatment, according to the, Finally, racial profiling erodes public confidence in law enforcement agencies and other institutions. One of the topics on the agenda of the world peace and security, the issue of racial profiling is well worth taking a closer look at. This occurred even where the INS acknowledged that half the workers were not Latino but Asian, including undocumented immigrants. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/, IvyPanda. Racial Profiling: Who Gets It Worse When the Gavel Comes Down? MJG-93-468 (D. [note 9] Alpert, Geoffrey P., Roger G. Dunham, Meghan Stroshine, Katherine Bennett, and John MacDonald,Police Officers' Decision Making and Discretion: Forming Suspicion and Making a Stop (pdf, 151 pages), Final report to the National Institute of Justice, grant number 2001-IJ-CX-0035, February 2006, NCJ 213004. These dogs, lethal weapons capable of biting at 2000 pounds pressure per square inch, and their handlers have been implicated in a vicious form of racial profiling that has led to legal action: California (Los Angeles)- The ACLU of Southern California compiled reports on the hundreds of mostly blacks and Latinos who were bitten by Los Angeles Police Department dogs from 1990-1992, charging that the dogs trained to "attack and maul," were routinely sent out in non-violent situations. A social category of people who share a common culture (i.e. A racial profiling essay can be inspiring and persuasive. This supports the idea that authorities should focus on suspicious individuals rather than on specific racial groups to lower crime. The main example is the White drivers who were stopped at a significantly lower rate, as well as the members of the Asian population of the county. The greatest weakness of this prejudicial consideration is the fact that even when there is no evidence to justify the case, the police treat an individual as a convict. Law enforcement initiated action based on an individual's race, Ethnicity, or national origin rather than on the individual's behavior or on information identifying the individual as having engaged in criminal activity. Hello! Instead of just presenting your point of view, you need to gather the most convincing facts that can influence your audience. "106 Racial Profiling Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." On the other hand, criminal profiling relies on actual behavior or information about suspected activity by someone who meets a description of a suspect. It's incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. There are so many more topic ideas, but if youre feeling stuck, go ahead to the articles next sections! Memos by high-ranking FBI and Department of Energy officials acknowledged that Lee was singled out because he was Chinese, and eight similarly situated non-Chinese were not prosecuted.2. In addition to these cases, immigrant rights groups have also raised concerns about U.S. Border Patrol agents using excessive and deadly force on undocumented immigrants with impunity. "Racial Profiling and Why it Hurts Minorities." According to a city councilman, he was running away, holding up his baggy pants, and scaled a fence, landing in a driveway where Roach was approaching and shot Thomas. Blacks accounted for 30 percent of all persons "stopped" in these precincts; Hispanics accounted for 23.4 percent of all persons "stopped.". The study found that only 17% of the interstate driving population in Maryland were Black, but 72% of those stopped were Black. What Does the Constitution Say About Racial Profiling? participants fired on an armed target more quickly when the target was African American than when White, and decided not to shoot an unarmed target more quickly when the target was White than when African American; participants failed to shoot an armed target more often when that target was White than when the target was African American. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Although fans of a particular athletic team may, like ethnic groups, have a sense of community (for example, "Red Sox Nation"), they are not an ethnic group because, All of the following are examples of institutionalized discrimination EXCEPT, The theory that explains prejudice and discrimination as a means of keeping workers . Racial profiling by law enforcement is a serious and ongoing issue. ideas people have before they know all the facts. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Do not hesitate to visit our blog if you have trouble with terrorism essays or any other written assignment.
