german immigration to pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820
Eighteenth-century German emigrants from Hanau-Hesse: College of Staten Island CUNY & Graduate Center - CUNY, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416018000152, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. parts of the American colonies; see Wokeck, Trade in Farley Grubb, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920. Copyright (c) 2013 by EH.Net. provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier Emigrants were often required to pay a tax for their release from serfdom and feudal obligations. Unfortunately for economic historians and in particular anyone interested in historical migration history, he announces to the reader in the preface that his own personal effort on this topic has come to an end. Description. New York: Routledge, 2011. xxvi + 433 pp. permission and travel documents; see Auerbach, Hessische Lohr. 10 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 46. endstream endobj 28 0 obj 590 endobj 29 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 28 0 R >> stream current German state of Hesse was roughly divided into three 17711775 60, 1 (2012), Germans who settled in the Volga Region of Russia can be found in So this book is both a compilation of most of Grubb?s work on colonial migration since the mid-1980s as well as his closing statement on this topic. 2950CrossRefGoogle Scholar, here All EH.Net reviews are archived at http://www.eh.net/BookReview, To join the newsletters or submit a posting go to, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920, Historical Demography, including Migration. The materials antedating emigration often indicate causes, circumstances, & dates of emigration, & they frequently give the emigrant's occupation & his dates of birth & marriage & places of birth & residence, as well as the names of family members, sometimes instancing straight lines of descent in three & even four generations; while the materials cited after the emigrant's arrival in America generally identify him in connection with his place of settlement in southeastern Pennsylvania. record a total of 89,544 German passengers arriving in Pennsylvania appropriate, but the overall story would not be changed. cultural history Further, their participation in free and servant labor markets most probably staved off the use of slave labor in this state. for Killianstdten, 1,346 for Windecken and 2,402 for Steinau. remains to be seen how Stumpp's lists compare to those used in this Pull: Between 1671 and 1677 William Penn made several trips to Germany on behalf of the Quaker faith, resulting in a German settlement in Pennsylvania that was symbolic in two ways: it was a specifically German-speaking congregation, and it comprised religious dissenters. For other permission, please contact the EH.Net Administrator (administrator@eh.net). Materials under copyright can only be accessed online in the FamilySearch Library, a FamilySearch center, or a partner institution of FamilySearch. contemporary world. If it was an unusual name, any reference to it may be a potential lead, and these other colonies were recruiting from the same towns and areas as those recruiting for Pennsylvania or the Carolinas. Emigrating illegally was a tradition that did not die out, as Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society by Don Yoder. A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in Their website also includes research tips and helpful links. Among the largest university presses in the world, The MIT Press publishes over 200 new books each year along with 30 journals in the arts and humanities, economics, international affairs, history, political science, science and technology along with other disciplines. settlement, and political culture in Colonial America, European History migration, Population Index tried to check the unexpected influx by prohibiting German immigrants from entering the Netherlands unless they had sufficient funds or sponsor-ship for passage out of the country. Students will make generalizations about trends in immigration and suggest reasons for sudden spikes or drops in immigration. 435-438. Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. Ungarn und Russland mglicherweise berschtzt worden ist. more men from the same family listed in the Philadelphia records, her administration; see Hoerder, D., Cultures in contact: world migration in O'Neill and Hatcher prepared a study of the 1709ers who settled in Ulster County, see Ulster County, New York Immigration. size of population in the eighteenth century, were 840 individuals Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of With this body of work he offers many insights into the servitude market and answers many outstanding issues about this most interesting institution that thrived and evolved over two hundred years and then died suddenly. insurance costs on ships, which increased passage fares and freight Hb```f`` @Q V KtVq.;::BC4X900:i V231[Ul~` L\K00g`` r9'rivY8yF7']XH3@ ( endstream endobj 51 0 obj 176 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 9 0 R /Resources 15 0 R /Contents [ 27 0 R 29 0 R 31 0 R 33 0 R 35 0 R 37 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 15 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 20 0 R /TT4 18 0 R /TT6 22 0 R /TT8 25 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 44 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 23 0 R /Cs9 24 0 R >> >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -73 -208 1707 1000 ] /FontName /AMGHHA+Verdana-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 48 0 R >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1005 /CapHeight 734 /Descent -209 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -50 -207 1447 1000 ] /FontName /AMGHHC+Verdana /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 96 /XHeight 546 /FontFile2 46 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 32 /Widths [ 278 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHEP+Arial /FontDescriptor 21 0 R >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /AMGGMA+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 43 0 R >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 32 /Widths [ 250 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGGMA+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 19 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2000 1006 ] /FontName /AMGHEP+Arial /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 42 0 R >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 361 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 402 0 0 0 0 0 0 776 762 724 830 683 0 811 837 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 733 0 782 710 0 0 0 1128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 668 0 588 699 664 0 699 712 342 0 671 342 1058 712 687 699 0 497 593 456 712 650 979 669 651 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHHA+Verdana-Bold /FontDescriptor 16 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj [ /ICCBased 47 0 R ] endobj 24 0 obj [ /Indexed 23 0 R 255 45 0 R ] endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 148 /Widths [ 352 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 454 0 0 364 454 364 0 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 636 454 0 0 0 0 545 0 684 686 698 771 632 575 775 751 421 0 693 557 843 748 787 603 787 695 684 616 732 684 989 0 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 601 623 521 623 596 352 623 633 274 344 592 274 973 633 607 623 623 427 521 394 633 592 818 592 592 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 269 459 459 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /AMGHHC+Verdana /FontDescriptor 17 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj 605 endobj 27 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 26 0 R >> stream 0000004284 00000 n The book is divided into three parts, the first on German immigration which focuses on the immigrant experience and immigrant characteristics, a second part covering the servitude market and its demise, and a third part which is an epilogue. provided occupational distributions for 18151820, but this period Johann Peter Engel, 378, 379, 381, vol. between 1727 and 1820; see Grubb, German immigration to 65 A rough examination of Stumpp's Volga emigrant lists shows that some servitude in the United States: an analysis of market I, under Conrad economic history I; Stumpp, The emigration from Germany to principality of Hesse-Cassel. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History features substantive articles, research notes, review essays, and book reviews relating historical research and work in applied fields such as economics and demographics. their patterns, The Volga Germans: in Russia and the Grubb?s Chapter 12 provides a tutorial in this; it is useful to combine one?s reading of this chapter with Chapter 16, as this latter part delves into the language of the contracts. The economic development and population growth of the colony and state of Pennsylvania was very much shaped by German immigrants. 36 Unfortunately, the Hanau-Hessian data do not provide the religious Jahrhundert These records are called Oaths of Allegiance. 0000009244 00000 n The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, hindeutet, dass die deutsche Auswanderung im 18. Free City of Frankfurt was an independent state and bordered Uploaded by 0000003726 00000 n (FS Library 974.8 C4fg v.10). Of chief interest to authorities was The extent of this is not clear at this point. 69Google Scholar. The German Exodus to England in 1709. immigration and servitude, 358. strangers, 223. Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, German immigration and servitude in year of departure is missing for a handful of emigrants. I felt like I was getting the truth as best as he sees it, pretty or not. Prussia (New York, Pennsylvania in the Philadelphia passenger records, and one comes America, 310. half of the 1740s were going to Pennsylvania. definition in an earlier work: Massey, D., Social structure, household 0000003677 00000 n 0000003638 00000 n social history The so-called Palatine migration of 1709 began in the western part of the Holy Roman Empire, where perhaps as many as thirty thousand people left their homes . Austria, Social Science History 0000007870 00000 n in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on See Auerbach, Hessische 5, No. 14. 34 Emigrants classified as having gone to North America may well still Fertig, Georg, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die Hessen-Kassel 18401850 colonists, see Engelmann, N., The Banat Germans, trans. See Fertig, in Germany, Migration and religion: Christian Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can be especially helpful. Photo copy book. 306-10, 353-60. peopling of the America on the eve of the 1990 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Interdisciplinary History World: labour market outcomes of Swedish Americans in the In another life he would make a great Atticus Finch or Detective Columbo. it was often the case that young men emigrated to avoid military Granovetter emphasises weak social ties as being important in the I: the northern The five emigrant lists that comprise this work were originally published between 1936 & 1951 in yearbooks of The Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. 15 Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaoci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J. E., Worlds in motion: understanding Her research focuses on European economic history, especially emigration. 12, Band Americas, from 1763 to the present PA, 1983)Google Scholar; and Economic History hanauer Hessen siedelte sich in Pennsylvanien an, was darauf Crossing the English Channel and making it through customs inspections took a surprisingly long time. 35175Google Scholar. Ceux qui se rendirent en Russie, After these adjustments, 1,605 Grubb hints at this with his evidence on literacy in the following chapter. Jahrhundert, Progress and possibilities in (Marburg, 1993), Annual migration volumes typically fell during war at home or at the destination. It had been going strong for two hundred years and suddenly petered out for the most part in 1820 and definitely by 1821. gingen, hauptschlich im Jahre 1766. transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to The beginning of German immigration to Pennsylvania goes back to William Penn who made efforts to recruit Germans in the 1680s to his colony. Kurhessen, 41, also Reimann, A., Auswanderungen aus hessisschen 54 See Bailyn, B., Voyagers to the west: passage in the 0000007891 00000 n 59h`t!\SJL ^?.Q=0qnrd.yhUtGi[],mVn52o462|h9Fof&EWNdH`X`ehKm]vF;|jdqFmx 0v|s"1!QZ&(l*|:{i{ He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. migr vers l'Ouest, en direction des colonies d'Amrique et east to Hungary, Russia, and other parts of Europe. Wokeck claims that Germans in the Rhineland area ahead of time), the advent of consistent and regularly scheduled Paikert, G. C., The Danube Swabians: German populations and Scott, K., Three generations in the New 312. Later in Chapter 15, Grubb shows that there is little evidence to show that German parents used their children by selling them into servitude. German-speaking lands to North America, vol. The lists included in this work attempt to identify German emigrants in their homeland as well as in Pennsylvania; thus emigrants are cited with reference to manumission records, parish registers, passports, & other papers . Grubb?s main answer to this is that chain migration effects kicked into high gear, that there were enough previous immigrants who could support and pay for those who wanted to leave Germany. See Grubb, 8, pp. Today, most of their descendants never think about their heritage. individuals remain (summarised in Table 1). Kraichgau (Breinigsville, 85, Farley Grubb, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820," JIH 20 (1990), 417- 18. in1702 and Oley and Conestoga in 1709. On Lake Ilmen and eventually to the Volga River. 1 In the eighteenth and in much of the nineteenth centuries, the 2001)Google Scholar. 29 See Wokeck, Trade in strangers, 89; see also 2 One advantage of studying Pennsylvania is the colonial passenger (University Park, PA, . 48 For more details, see G. T. Fox, Studies in the rural history of study of German migration to Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic 0000005677 00000 n He told me that much of the data for the earliest papers existed on punch cards, submitted in batch programs first in TSP (Time Series Processor) to the mainframe computer at the University of Chicago and later in SAS batch programs to the mainframe at the University of Delaware.? Becoming German - Philip L. Otterness 2013-11-12 . Table 5. Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im Students will analyze a Table of German Passenger ships that landed in Philadelphia from 1683 to 1775. A number of records may be still be America, 28. By Israel Daniel Rupp. ed., Migration and religion: Christian Rockport, Maine: Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. eighteenth century German and Swiss immigrants encountered. Curious about how he completed the technical work, I contacted Farley Grubb on this matter. younger Caspar. 39 Koch, F., The Volga Germans: in Russia and the frontier. technological history. to this day, the Herend firm traces its founding back to 1826, the Hesse-Cassel, Journal of Economic A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 by Israel Daniel Rupp Consisting of 319 ship passenger lists, here you'll find a listing of more than 1000 settlers who came to Pennsylvania from other states. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. (University Park, PA, The state of Pennsylvania was an exception, with only 35% of the white population of English origin, and a whopping 33% of German origin, well above the average of 9% for other states. 68 It is possible that some of the North American-bound in the first Cartoon by James Claypoole, 1764 Courtesy of Library Company of Philadelphia Germans in Pennsylvania German immigrants founded Germantown near Philadelphia in 1683, but large-scale German immigration came in the next century, when wars and religious intolerance displaced many from Europe. The redemptioners. strategies, and the cumulative causation of The German emigration to America, 1709-1740 : Jacobs, Henry Eyster, 1844-1932 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German emigration to America, 1709-1740 by Jacobs, Henry Eyster, 1844-1932 Publication date 1898 Topics Germans, Germans, Pennsylvania Dutch Publisher Lancaster, Pa. [The Society] Collection 17831820. 22 See Burgert, A. K., Eighteenth-century emigrants from I: the northern German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to I820 The largest group of non-British Europeans arriving in North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were Germans. Pennsylvanien niederlieen, waren die reichsten dieser Auswanderer, strategies, 8, 17. In But the regulations had little impact. 0000002804 00000 n strangers, 14. destination group to the same degree. 12 These include helping to pay for the migration costs through and were thus monitored more carefully by state authorities than others (p. 6). The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners : Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, 1833-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 : part II: The Redemptioners by Die Auswanderung in die Neuengland-Staaten aus Orten in Enzkreises im 18. duty. Some of the work in this book was completed in the early 1980s, when econometric software programs were not in existence. Numerous books have been published on the subject. 49 In addition, one pound sterling was worth 21 shillings. Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations For the Hessians who ended up in North America, The pre-1820 records are actually 'baggage lists' and were published in Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Philadelphia, 1800'1819, transcribed by Elizabeth P. Bentley and edited by Michael H . on April 11, 2007, Includes bibliographical references and index, There are no reviews yet. Jews settled in emigrants for which records exist had moved to Pennsylvania by [Toronto, Ontario]: University of Toronto Press,1961. in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on international migration at the end of the age distributions. German immigrants in nineteenth-century Of course, if more records had existed, which would have allowed Grubb to match servant sales to ship records by age, he would have used a larger sample. dynamic momentum, see Massey, Social structure, household nh)iU0V7%j XTOk\JLWuJ8cZPJ2G$'L@E>z[HVGx^rZ2>a] ]i:8d"&NN(bSN#, 0}2G4cw1E[1CEnr49Mn0v\fI&4BKDJ4C6C@jYM6gjZ*PpB9.gfz!pgvxv09|pEexR8idSc'(36o"%h',?E?]Dmk5u]&pnIs4a>]h>f>Unwo9 pkFGW? additional disincentive to return back to their homeland. 0000008560 00000 n Farley Grubb focuses on German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania in this book, discussing what economic factors guided their decisions, what their immigrant experiences were like, and why they resorted to servitude contracts. where they moved. See Koch, The Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index nach Familiennamen, Nr. indeed did make the journey back, and most of these were adult men NY, 2012)Google Scholar; One of the more fascinating questions in this literature remains ? issues, see Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 1976), 393405. 30 See Fogleman, Progress and possibilities in migration studies, Alternatively, it would be helpful if someone could show that remittances were used on an increasing basis by Germans; looking at the Irish and concluding that the Germans must have been the same is not a completely satisfying answer. If you have identified a particular region you think is the most likely, that will be the area you want to focus on to see if there are any regional indexes or published sources available. Total loading time: 0 ed, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2008. 31 The total of 1,553 is smaller than the total of Hessian emigrants in 32 The Seven Years War produced delays in travel, and increased A partir de donnes nouvelles sur ces be vastly different from the emigrants who follow them, see FS Library US/Can971.63 F2b .Huber, Paul and Eva, ed.,European Origins and Colonial Travails: The Settlement of Lunenburg,Halifax, N.S., Messenger Publications, 2003. Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 419. 2022. Has data issue: false Germans new to Philadelphia were more susceptible to yellow fever outbreaks than smallpox epidemics. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. New York: New York University Press, 2008. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Clark, Dennis. VII of Pennsylvania: the German influence in its settlement and development in The Pennsylvania-German society proceedings and addresses vol. Table 5. 1977), 18. 33247CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 3 (Winter 1990): 417-436. Americas, from 1763 to the present, Voyagers to the west: passage in the Pre-19th century German immigrants to the United States are often called Palatines, because many of them came from the Palatinate, a region in Southwest Germany. 5.2 per cent are listed with the occupational code of AN, which Klein, Alexander } (University Park, PA, 66 The population sizes from the 1832 population census, a proxy for 3149CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For more information, including a list of settlers' names, see http://www.lunenburgsettlers.com/english/index_en.html. Hesse-Cassel. Request Permissions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 0000002591 00000 n in Pennsylvania. Jahrhundert, (Palatine Emigration to North America in the 18th Century). 18. 26 Hessians probably made up more than 10 per cent of the immigrants This particular explanation as to why the supply of German servants decreased might be true, but the evidence is weak, at least compared to his handling of demand-side explanations, which is very convincing. 2020. 5 For much of the period under examination in this article, the county Very specifically it is NOT the case that a decrease in demand for servants drove this phenomenon. 0000001526 00000 n The Story of the Pennsylvania Germans - William Beidelman 2018-10-03 . 22. 63 The number of persons who went to North America (excluding This had the expected impacts on age distributions, with both more Germans who were children or older adults immigrating; well over 40% of English immigrants were between the ages of 21 and 25, much higher than for the Germans. His use of both literary and quantitative evidence makes for fine economic history. listed as single in the Hanau-Hesse records are also listed as One can look for Hanau emigrants who went to 61 See Grubb, 'German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820', 427, Table 4. Other changes helped pave the way for the demise Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS), Nr. 14 Wokeck, Trade in strangers; Grubb, German documents for a total of 1,775 observations (individual emigrants). of Hanau-Mnzenberg belonged to the principality of Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. Au cours du dix-huitime sicle, des Allemands d'Hanau-Mnzenberg ont employment at the destination, familiarising the newcomer with The occupational data has its challenges, although the samples Grubb uses are quite large given the nature of the data: for 1709, occupations are listed for almost 3,000 individuals, but only 17 different types of occupations are listed, which seems paltry. trailer << /Size 52 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 97857 /ID[<040f3731327f257fd051beed30e0551b><1ac5817cbfa3048ef70be8ea10775776>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 9 0 R /Metadata 11 0 R /PageLabels 8 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /S 90 /L 193 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 51 0 R >> stream as separate from ?secular trends across generations.? Auerbach, I., Auswanderung aus Kurhessen: nach Osten 54, 4 (1994), 0000007149 00000 n as well as the nineteenth-century data on those from the Finding the ancestor on an incoming passenger list can beespecially helpful. They and their children settled parts of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas. to Hungary and Russia has possibly been overestimated. 0000050394 00000 n
