famous descendants of john of gaunt
By Constance of Castile: These included: This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. Sir Hugh Luttrell's famous descendants include: [citation needed] Robert Carter I: A wealthy Virginia colonist and slave-owner, one of the richest men in Virginia at his time. And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. In September, the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. London: Nichols & Son, 1826. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester (16291700), sixth in descent from Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, assisted in the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II, who in 1682 created him Duke of Beaufort. The House of Beaufort adopted various heraldic or quasi-heraldic symbols, badges or cognisances. This four-month ride through enemy territory, evading French armies on the way, was a bold stroke that impressed contemporaries but achieved virtually nothing. The Beauforts suffered heavily in the Wars of the Roses. [24] He hatched several schemes to make good his claim with an army, but for many years these were still-born due to lack of finance or the conflicting claims of war in France or with Scotland. John (Plantagenet) of Gaunt KG is a member of the House of Lancaster. Marching in winter across the Limousin plateau, with stragglers being picked off by the French, huge numbers of the army, and even larger numbers of horses, died of cold, disease or starvation. The estate of Beaufort was eventually inherited, with other vast possessions, by John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving son of King Edward III) following his marriage to the heiress Blanche of Lancaster. Encyclopdia Britannica. A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. Five anonymous living donors, all members of the extended family of the present Duke of Beaufort, who claim descent from both the Plantagenets and Tudors through the children of John of. Upon arrival in Bordeaux, many more succumbed to the bubonic plague that was raging in the city. John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. From the eldest son. The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). [31][32] The monument was severely damaged, and perhaps destroyed, during the period of the Interregnum (16491660); and anything that survived was lost (with the rest of the cathedral) in the Great Fire of London of 1666. The Beaufort Yale, an heraldic beast used as supporters of the escutcheon; The Forget-me-Not flower (Myosotis sylvatica), a reference to the heraldic motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 18:29. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. Coat of Arms of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. John had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties, none were sent from England, so in April 1374, he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for home. After Blanche's premature death in 1368 and Gaunt's re-marriage in 1371, Elizabeth and her siblings joined the household of Gaunt's second wife . Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) 3. Isabel (1368-1368) Updated on January 14, 2020. He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. The ostrich feather arms appeared in stained glass above Gaunt's chantry chapel in St Paul's Cathedral.[44]. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was broken out of political necessity. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) 2. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. [12], John's final campaign in France took place in 1378. John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[16]. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. Queen Elizabeth II and her predecessors since Henry IV are descended from John of Gaunt. Married to: Sir Henry Stafford; 14621471. The three houses of English sovereigns that succeeded the rule of Richard II in 1399 - the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor - were all descended from John's children Henry IV, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively. About Me. Four or more generations of descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) if they are properly linked:1. He was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in the choir of St Paul's Cathedral, adjacent to the high altar. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt: Their Children John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford can count many of Europe's royal persons among their descendants, as well as some American presidents. English Royalty. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. Through his great-granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort he was also an ancestor of Henry VII, who married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York, and all subsequent monarchs are descendants of their marriage. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. Gaunt is an anglicisation of Ghent John of Gaunt was born in the abbey of Saint Bavo in Ghent, modern-day Belgium, on 6 March 1340, while his father, who had claimed the throne of France in 1337, was seeking allies against the French among the dukes and counts of the Low Countries. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. [21] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the March of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Married to: Lionel de Welles, Baron Welles; 14471461. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to dysentery and bubonic plague that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. (ed. [25], For the remainder of his life, John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the king and loyal supporter of the Crown. Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. (#3815) FamousKin.com. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. He married Blanche, Countess of Derby in May 1359, with whom he had seven children, including the future Henry IV. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. However, in 1406, Henry IV decided that although the Beauforts were legitimate, their line could not be used to make any claim to the throne. John married Katherine in 1396, and their children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. However, mistrust remained, and some[who?] {{ media.date_translated }}, {{ asCtrl.bannerRights.content|translate }}, The Geneanet family trees are powered by Geneweb 7.0. Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. By Blanche of Lancaster Benjamin Harrison V: A famed American revolutionary and founding father of the United States of America. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. : Name: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Son of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainault. He began to advocate peace negotiations; indeed, as early as 1373, during his great raid through France, he made contact with Guillaume Roger, brother and political adviser of Pope Gregory XI, to let the pope know he would be interested in a diplomatic conference under papal auspices. {{ mediasCtrl.getTitle(media, true) }} This approach led indirectly to the Anglo-French Congress of Bruges in 137477, which resulted in the short-lived Truce of Bruges between the two sides. Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. [43], In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. All of them were born out of wedlock, but legitimized upon their parents' eventual marriage. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was born on March 6, 1340, at St. Bavo's Abbey in Ghent, Belgium. This lesson explores the life and family tree of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. The known names of these children are Blanche and Thomas. Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. He was also an esquire of John of Gaunt,[2] and an extremely close friend to Queen Anne of Bohemia. All subsequent kings of Portugal were thus descended from John of Gaunt. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. The grave and monument were destroyed with the cathedral in the Great Fire of London in 1666. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and returned to England. It is always preferable to locate primary records where possible. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII . In accordance with the legal provisions, you can ask for the removal of your name and the name of your minor children. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year. His birthplace, Ghent in Flanders, then known in English as Gaunt, was the origin of his name. Catherine (1372-1418), married King Henry III of Castile (1379-1406) (There may have been a second Swynford daughter.) Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. Another motive was John's conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king. Alison Weir dispels the myth of a scheming enchantress and reveals her to be a most influential figure of the 14th century . They had one daughter. And I ordain my most dear and entirely beloved brother Edmond Duke of York; my most dear and entirely beloved nephew Edward Duke of Aumerle; the Reverend Fathers in God Roger Archbishop of Canterbury; Richard Archbishop of York; and the Bishop of Lincoln, my dear son, supervisors of this my last will, whom, with my Lord the King, I pray to be faithful surveyors of the same. When he became unpopular later in life, a scurrilous rumour circulated, along with lampoons, claiming that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher. Gaunt married Swynford in 1396, as his third wife, and their children were subsequently legitimated both by his nephew King Richard II and by Pope Boniface IX. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. Half brother to King Henry VI, legitimated by Parliament in 1453. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. John of Gaunt received most of the blame for the debcle.[13]. Born the fourth son of Edward III Plantagenet and Queen Philippa of Hainault, at Ghent (or Gaunt) in Flanders. Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. John's early career was spent in France and Spain fighting in the Hundred Years' War. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in the north of England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. He also succeeded in forcing the Commons to agree to the imposition of the first poll tax in English historya viciously regressive measure that bore hardest on the poorest members of society. Philippa (1360-1415) married King John I of Portugal (1357-1433). During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. ), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.125, Planche, J.R., Pursuivant of Arms, 1851, p.xx, Beaufort Society's website (Google's cache of, "The Lancastrian Esses Collar (Appendix 7)" erenow.net, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, List of coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet, "The Wars of the Roses: York v Beaufort? This family, the Beauforts, played an important part in 15th-century politics. Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and his three elder sons (the 3rd and 4th Dukes and the Earl of Dorset), all lost their lives, leaving no legitimate male heir. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. Fortune turns her attention to three princes whom she implores to relieve Chaucer of his pain and "Preyeth his beste frend of his noblesse/That to som beter estat he may atteyne" (7879). They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. In 1397 he obtained legitimization of the four children born to her before their marriage. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Husee to Lincolnshire). Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. Children FamousKin.com About Me Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. He immediately had the ailing king grant pardons to all the officials impeached by the Parliament; Alice Perrers too was reinstated at the heart of the king's household. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. Son of: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Barrister at Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. He was one of England's principal negotiators in the diplomatic exchanges with France that led to the Truce of Leulinghem in 1396, and he initially agreed to join the French-led Crusade that ended in the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis, but withdrew due to ill-health and the political problems in Gascony and England. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Fortune, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. In the summer of 1370, John was sent with a small army to Aquitaine to reinforce his ailing elder brother, the Black Prince, and his younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, Earl of Cambridge. When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as Richard II of England, John's influence strengthened. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. The Beaufort family originated in the illegitimate issue of John of Gaunt by his then-mistress Katherine Swynford. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. Successor: Henry IV Bolingbroke, King of England (2nd Duke of Lancaster and of Aquitaine) "John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Descendants of this marriage include Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, a grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, a great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland beginning in 1437 and all sovereigns of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom from 1603 to the present day. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King Robert II of Scotland until the crisis was over.[22]. The treaty was sealed by the marriage of John's eldest daughter Philippa to the Portuguese king.
