70 percent of pakistan inbred

[7] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. [85] An alternative local name for this language group is Hindki. [83] Differences with other Punjabi varieties are more pronounced in the morphology and phonology than in the syntax. The overall prevalence of congenital malformations in children of related parents was 40% (1530 out of 3820) and in non-related parents 26% (305 out of 1180) (p=<0.01). Higher grain yield of hybrid rice is an intricate outcome of genotype and environment interaction. Chlorophyll content reflects the intensity of plant photosynthetic capacity and the extent of leaf senescence [24]. The average modern day Japanese is descended from about 16 percent of 11. 6, pp. B. Chakrabarti, P. K. Aggarwal, S. D. Singh, S. Nagarajan, and H. Pathak, Impact of high temperature on pollen germination and spikelet sterility in rice: comparison between basmati and non-basmati varieties, Crop and Pasture Science, vol. The postanthesis decline in leaf area at specially the ripening stage was higher in the hybrid compared to the inbred [17]. The Really Good News in the first week of the New Year, Remember, Remember the Second of November. Thereafter, the reduction of LAI is greater in inbred than that of hybrids (Figure 1). Dry matter of each component was determined after drying at 72C for 3 days to have constant weight. Most societies share an incest taboo against marriages between first degree relatives. 7, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh, 6th edition, 2008, Booklet No. 96, no. J. Pak. There was no significant preference for marriage towards paternal side, maternal side orboth, as the percentage ratio of first cousins, second cousins and distant related couples was nearly the same in all the groups (Table III). Sarhaddi is a sub-dialect of Rakshani. After 1984 nineteen rounds of PDS were completed till 2007. [42] found no variation in leaf chlorophyll content between hybrid and modern inbred varieties at Boro season (December to May) but in Aman season (July to December) recorded higher leaf chlorophyll content in hybrids over inbred rice varieties. WebCoefficients of inbreeding ranged from 10.15 to 37.50 percent for 295 animals, being 1.70 percent of the flock. 4849, 2001. The Middle East has a common practice of cousin marriage. It reveals that translocation of dry matter from shoot to grain was relatively inefficient for hybrids in delayed planting. Then, read up on the Habsburg jaw and discover the true cost of royal inbreeding. Due to a high fertility rate, estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. T. Kobata and N. Uemuki, High temperatures during the grain-filling period do not reduce the potential grain dry matter increase of rice, Agronomy Journal, vol. In Pakistan , the numbers approach 70%. This result revealed that hybrid rice varieties maintained significantly greater LAI from heading to maturity stage compared to the inbred. The field experiments were conducted with two hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties at the Experimental Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (2377N, 9037E and altitude of 9m), and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur (2399N, 9039E and altitude of 8.4m), Bangladesh in dry (Boro) seasons (December to May) of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. Hum. H. K. Poshtmasari, H. Pirdashti, M. Nasiri, and M. A. Bahmanyar, Study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter remobilization of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. as compared to 26% (305 out of,1 180) in unrelated (p=0.00008). Sennels states that the ability to enjoy and produce knowledge and abstract thinking is simply lower in the Islamic world an example being that the entire Arab world translates only 330 books a year, roughly 20% of Greece alone. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan. These are some maps of religious minority groups. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Genet., 1958; 10:446-451. 101140, Shanghai Science & Technology Press, Shanghai, China, 2000 (Chinese). Web70% of marriages in Pakistan are believed to be inbred. A. W. Julfiquar, M. J. Hasan, A. K. Azad, and A. M. Nurunnab, Research and development of hybrid rice in Bangladesh, in Hybrid Rice in Bangladesh: Progress and Future Strategies, pp. Saunders Co., 1988, pp. 110118, 2008. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (2005). One hundred and thirty-five of these families had one additional child malformed, whereas, 10 had two malformed children in addition to the index child with whom they reported. Homozygosity occurs when a person has identical stretches of genotypes meaning those sections of genetic code came from both parents. In order to find all potential cases of extreme inbreeding from a dataset that is nearly half a million people large, Yengo and his team looked at the homozygosity of peoples genomes. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'. [48], After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. [61] It is written, spoken and used in all provinces/territories of Pakistan, and together with English as the main languages of instruction,[62] although the people from differing provinces may have different native languages. With populations of 14.9million and 11.1million respectively (in 2017), they are among the world's largest metropolises. 51, pp. [27], and Tang et al. Therefore, 2020 marks the lowest fertility rate during the observed period. This broad swath of detrimental effects ranged from something as harmless as shorter stature to serious cases of reduced cognitive ability, lower fertility, and poor lung function. Below a list showing Pakistan's twenty largest cities as of the 2017 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. Then, the five readings were averaged for the plot. 2, pp. Fig. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify this controversy on hybrid rice varieties. 219225, 1992. Scientists and doctors are no doubt frightened to speak out for fear of being branded racist, but at what cost? There are a lot of birth defects. [3] The median age of the country was 19,[3] while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females. In the UK, where individual pedigree breed populations tend to be in greater numbers and the average inbreeding level is five to seven percent nationally, it is recommended that planned matings should be a maximum of 0.02 (CI 2 percent) to continue to improve breed diversity. It might be due to the intrinsic genetic trait or well adaptability of inbred BRRI dhan5 to environmental conditions. 41, no. 8. A. W. Julfiquar, BRRI: research and development of hybrid rice, The Guardian, vol. The team also found that the progeny of inbreeding had a 44 percent increased risk of disease of any kind in comparison to those born to unrelated parents. S. Chen, F. Zeng, Z. Pao, and G. Zhang, Characterization of high-yield performance as affected by genotype and environment, Journal of Zhejiang University of Science B, vol. Islam et al. 4. 47, no. Days to heading decreased gradually with delayed planting and the magnitude of reduction was almost similar in the hybrid and inbred varieties. A single plot was comprised of 20 lines and each line contained 26 hills. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. K. M. Hotta, K. Satoh, and S. Katoh, Relationship between photosynthesis and chlorophyll content during leaf senescence of rice seedlings, Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. Cow-dung was applied @ 10tha1 and chemical fertilizers as urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, and zinc sulphate were applied @ 270-130-120-70-10kgha1, respectively [31]. Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census, Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census, Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the, Dominant Ethnolinguistic Group in each Pakistani, The proportion of people with Urdu as their, Hindu Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Ahmadiyya Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Christian Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Virtually all people not belonging to one of these minority groups were Sunni or Shia Muslim, with the most religiously homogeneous areas found in, Recent changes and detailed demographic data, Lack of exact numbers of speakers of the language due to the language not being represented in the previous censuses. The group of parents with malformed children was defined as malformation group, whereas, the parents with no abnormalities in their children acted as comparison group for the purpose of statistical analysis. 15521559, 1999. Separately, Lafarge and Bueno [1] stated that higher yield of hybrid was the result of better sink regulation. 20-22 Wenlock Road Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. 0.2g in the hybrids for rising average daily temperature 1C from 29C while this reduction rate was negligible in the inbred rice variety (Figure 3). The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. This census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called Umerkot District, where Muslims were previously the majority. A note was also made whetherthe couples were married intheirfathers family (n=1895, 50%), mothers family (n=1820, 47%), or whether they were related to both (n105, 3%). Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. With an urbanisation rate of 51.9% as of 2017, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province, and is even more urban than Islamabad Capital Territory. In this study there was no significant difference in flag leaf photosynthetic rate between the studied hybrid and inbred rice varieties, irrespective of planting dates. 41, pp. The coefficient of inbreeding is highest in this series and lowest in U.S.A. (Table II). Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. The effects of consanguinity on such parameters as fertility, infant and child development, mortality and morbidity are well known and havebeen studied in American4, Japanese5 and Indian populations6. This group is dwindling because of its age. 34253429, 2007. Over 40% of patients in Denmarks largest ward for clinically insane criminals have immigrant backgrounds. 58, no. T. Horie, I. Lubis, T. Takai et al., Physiological traits associated with higher yield potential in rice, in Rice Science: Innovations and Impact for Livelihood: Proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference 16-19 September 2002, T. W. Mew, D. S. Brar, S. Peng, D. Dawe, and B. Hardy, Eds., pp. All the plant samples were separated into root, leaf blades (leaf), culm and sheath (stem), and panicles. As Mohammad is the authority on marriage, and Islam prevents marriage to non-muslims (but allows first cousin marriage), the gene pool is not receiving fresh genetic material, causing devastating social, human and societal problems. Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Galton Institute, 1992. That has to end, for the good of humanity. 94, no. Photosynthate accumulation panicle1 decreased at the rate of ca. 4, pp. WebThe overall frequency of inbreeding was 76% with a coefficient of 0.04151 which is probably the highest figure reported in literature. The photosynthetic rate of flag leaf significantly increased at flowering and then decreased rapidly in delayed planting (Table 4). Rainfall is scanty or absent in early dry season (December-January). The data of the families was divided into groups in two ways i.e., whether the parents were related or unrelated and whether their children had any congenital malformation or not. 10. Besides these, shorter vegetative duration reduced dry matter accumulation and rising temperature impaired shoot reserves translocation. Brahui is spoken in the central part of Pakistani Balochistan, mainly in Kalat, Khuzdar and Mastung districts, but also in smaller numbers in neighbouring districts, as well as in Afghanistan which borders Pakistani Balochistan; however, many members of the ethnic group no longer speak Brahui. Languages of Pakistan. Webinbred (Table 1), half of which had inbreeding greater than 6.25%.The average inbreeding coefficient was 3.7%. Chlorophyll content indicates photosynthetic efficiency of leaves [24, 40]. 67% in Saudi Arabia 64% in Jordan and Kuwait 63% in Sudan Between 50% and 60% in Iraq, the UAE and Qatar Bundey, S., Alam, H., Kaur, A. eta!. Sindhi () is an Indo-Aryan language spoken as a first language by almost 15% of Pakistanis, mostly in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Upcoming. 2-3, pp. The word Hindko, commonly used to refer to a number of Indo-Aryan dialects spoken in the neighbourhood of Pashto, likely originally meant "the Indian language" (in contrast to Pashto). In the case of early planting, higher biomass accumulation and rapid expansion of leaf area of the tested hybrids produced higher LAI just after heading and developed an efficient sink (large panicles). Sennels states that research reveals inbred children lose 10-16 points from their IQ, and the chance of having an IQ of less than 70 (the official demarcation for being classified as retarded) increases by an astonishing 400% for the child of first cousin marriage. This study reports the prevalence of consanguineous marriage and its effect on the prevalence of congenital gross malformations in Northern Pakistan, a region which has, probably, the highest coefficient of inbreeding in the world. Its true that many people in the region have committed incest. In some countries, such as Pakistan, that figure is closer to 70%. 7. In Pakistan, close to 70% of the population is inbred, In England, half of Pakistani immigrants are married to first cousins, Between 50% and 60% in Iraq, the UAE and Qatar, Danish Psychologist Nicolai Sennels estimates that half of all muslims in the world are inbred, causing potentially irreversible damage to the gene pool. Business Solutions including all features. According to The Daily Mail, extrapolating the teams findings to the U.K. population as a whole would suggest that an estimated 13,200 U.K. citizens are the result of extreme inbreeding. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set 7, pp. Properties of the top soil (015cm.) They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. 33, no. So, the available information on photosynthetic capability of flag leaf, the roles of shoot reserve translocation, and postheading crop growth rate to higher grain yield of hybrid rice varieties are still controversial. Both hybrids accumulated higher amount of biomass before heading and exhibited greater remobilization of assimilates to the grain in early plantings compared to the inbred variety. Thompson, LS. Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020 [Graph]. In both the years, the maximum grain yield for all varieties was achieved at early planting dates (20 December) and there was a gradual decreasing trend observed in delayed planting. The parents of children visiting out- patients department were asked to. An enquiry into history of exposure to any factor known to cause congenital malformations was also made and families with such ahistoty were excluded from the study. 48, no. 661672, 2010. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Yang et al. The maximum value of LAI gradually decreased in hybrid and inbred varieties with delayed transplanting due to reduction of vegetative phase. [citation needed], Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages. White tigers in captivity exist due to inbreeding. Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ranged from 33.29 to 34.75molCO2m2s1 among the varieties and from 32.25 to 35.25molCO2m2s1 among different planting dates at 2 days after flowering.

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